BIOL 100 CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGY (3-2-4)(F/S)(Area III). An introduction to the fundamental biological principles of cell and molecular biology, genetics, ecology, and evolution. Introduction to organismal diversity, physiology, and morphology.

BIOL 107 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY (3-2-4)(F,S)(Area III). An introduction to human structure and function and the interrelationships of various human systems. Homeostasis, disease, health and their relationships to human anatomy and physiology. This is a nonmajor course that does not satisfy biology or allied health program requirements.

BIOL 191 GENERAL BIOLOGY I (3-3-4)(F,S)(Area III). Designed for biology and health science majors. The basic characteristics of living systems including the chemical and physical structure of cells, genetics, development, evolution, and ecology. Recommended: Solid preparation in high school biology and chemistry. PREREQ: MATH 108 or appropriate placement score.

BIOL 192 GENERAL BIOLOGY II (3-3-4)(F,S)(Area III). Organismal biology in an evolutionary context, including biodiversity, structure and function, reproduction, physiology, and morphology of viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. PREREQ: BIOL 191

BIOL 198 PERSPECTIVES IN THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1-0-1)(F). Designed to give new biology majors an introduction to the careers of biology, the concepts of biological research, the research of faculty, and the tools necessary to be a successful biology student. Pass/Fail.

BIOL 200 MAN AND THE ENVIRONMENT (3-0-3)(F/S). The impact of biological, economic, and social factors on man's environment are discussed. Participants become aware of important issues and factors involved in environmental decision-making.

BIOL 205 MICROBIOLOGY (3-2-4)(F/S). A survey of microbial diversity, structure, function, and metabolism; principles of microbial control; host-parasite relationships; immunology; and medically important microorganisms. PREREQ: CHEM 101 or CHEM 111, and BIOL 227-228 or BIOL 191-192.

BIOL 227-228 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (3-3-4)(Area III). A two-semester sequence for students whose career objectives require a thorough study of human anatomy and physiology. BIOL 107 cannot be substituted for either semester of this sequence. One semester of this sequence cannot be substituted for BIOL 107. Prior or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 101 is recommended. BIOL 279, 479 RESEARCH IN THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (1-0-1)(F/S). Seminars by biologists on a wide range of subjects. Students will attend seminars, write summaries, and search for relevant literature. Pass/Fail. May be repeated once for credit.

BIOL 300 BIOLOGY OF AGING (3-0-3)(F)(Offered even-numbered years). Focuses on biological aspects of aging and the major types of anatomical and physiological changes which may impair normal functioning during the aging process. This course is not appropriate for biology majors and may not be counted toward major requirements. PREREQ: Upper-division standing and BIOL 100 or BIOL 107 or BIOL 227-228.

BIOL 301 CELL BIOLOGY (3-0-3)(S). Structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 and CHEM 112, or BIOL 191 and CHEM 317, or BIOL 227-228 and CHEM 317.

BIOL 303 GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY (2-6-4)(F). An examination of concepts, problems, and techniques in bacterial and archael biology. Included are discussions of structure, metabolism, control, genetics, taxonomy, pathogenicity, ecology, and evolution. Laboratory topics include growth and physiology, microbial genetics, bacteriophages, and biotechnology.. PREREQ: BIOL 301

BIOL 310-310G PATHOGENIC BACTERIOLOGY (2-6-4)(S)(Offered odd-numbered years). Medically important bacteria, rickettsia, and chlamydia are surveyed with emphasis on their pathogenicity, host-parasite relationships, and the clinical and diagnostic aspects of the diseases they produce in humans and animals. PREREQ: BIOL 205 or BIOL 303, and BIOL 301

BIOL 323 ECOLOGY (3-3-4) (F,S). A survey of how physical and biological factors determine the distribution and abundance of plants and animals. Concepts at the physiological, population, community, and ecosystem levels will be discussed. Field and laboratory exercises will investigate questions concerning habitat, populations, and communities. Weekend field trips may be taken. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 and MATH 254.

BIOL 343 GENETICS LECTURE (3-0-3)(F). A study of the principles of genetics as they relate to living organisms. PREREQ: BIOL 301

BIOL 344-344G MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY (0-6-2)(F). Explores modern molecular and cellular techniques including cloning, computer analysis of DNA sequences, karyotyping, DNA amplification, and use of Southern and Western blots for transgene detection and expression analysis. Periodic reports will be submitted. Some laboratory time will be arranged. PREREQ/COREQ: BIOL 343.

BIOL 351-351G DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2-6-4)(S)(Offered odd-numbered years). Germ cell development, comparative patterns of cleavage and gastrulation, neurulation and induction, and development of human organ systems with emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms. Laboratory studies of sea urchin, frog, chick, and pig development. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 and BIOL 301.

BIOL 401-401G ORGANIC EVOLUTION (3-0-3)(S). Philosophical basis of evolutionary theory. Detailed examination of genetic variation, mechanisms of evolutionary change, adaptation, speciation, and phylogeny. Genetics recommended. PREREQ: BIOL 323 and BIOL 343 or PERM/INST.

BIOL 409 MOLECULAR ECOLOGY AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY (3-0-3)(F)(Offered odd-numbered years). Theory and methodologies used in molecular ecology and phylogeography. Molecular genetic markers currently used to study ecological phenomena (e.g., mating systems, parentage and kinship, population structure, gene flow, dispersal, natural selection). Emphasis on an hypothesis-testing approach. Determination of which molecular techniques are most appropriate for specific research questions. PREREQ: BIOL 323 and BIOL 343.

BIOL 412-412G GENERAL PARASITOLOGY (2-3-3)(Offered intermittently). Study of animal parasites with emphasis on those of man and his domestic animals. Lectures cover general biology, life history, structure, function, distribution, and significance of parasites. Laboratory provides experience in identification and detection. PREREQ: BIOL 301 or PERM/INST.

BIOL 415-415G APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (3-3-4)(S). Microbial populations and processes in soil and water. Water- and food-borne pathogens. Microbial and biochemical methods of environmental assessment. PREREQ: BIOL 205 or BIOL 303, and BIOL 301.

BIOL 420-420G IMMUNOLOGY (3-0-3)(S). A survey of the principles of immunology, host defense systems, the immune response, immune disorders, serology, and other related topics. PREREQ: BIOL 205 or BIOL 303, and BIOL 301.

BIOL 422 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY (3-0-3)(S)(Offered odd-numbered years). An introduction to the field of conservation biology, the applied science concerned with understanding the effects of human activities on natural biological systems and with developing practical approaches to prevent the loss of biodiversity. Topics covered will include conservation genetics, demographic analysis, habitat degradation, over exploitation, and restoration ecology. Discussion of the social, political, and economic aspects of conservation biology. PREREQ: BIOL 323.

BIOL 426 INSECT ECOLOGY (3-0-3)(S)(Offered even-numbered years). Life history evolution, insect-plant interactions, predation and parasitism, reproduction, insect societies, chemical ecology, biodiversity and pest management. PREREQ: BIOL 323 or PERM INST.

BIOL 427 STREAM ECOLOGY (3-3-4)(F)(Offered odd-numbered years). The biology and ecology of flowing waters is emphasized; their biota, management, and ecology at both the community and ecosystem level will be discussed. PREREQ: BIOL 323 or PERM/INST.

BIOL 431-431G PHARMACOLOGY (3-0-3)(F). Basic pharmacological principles including mechanisms of drug action in relation both to drug-receptor interactions and to the operation of physiological and biochemical systems. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, receptor theory and an examination of major classes of therapeutic agents used in humans. PREREQ: BIOL 227-228 or BIOL 191-192, and BIOL 301.

BIOL 433 BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY (3-0-3)(F)(Offered odd-numbered years). Focuses on the evolutionary significance of animal behavior in relation to the ecology of the organisms. Using theoretical background and recent empirical evidence, mating systems, foraging, parental care, selfishness and alturism, competition, territoriality, and other behavioral patterns will be assessed in relation to the survival and reproduction of animals. PREREQ: BIOL 323 or PERM/INST.

BIOL 441 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER (3-0-3)(S). A treatment of the basic biology of cancer and the process of tumor progression. Topics examined will include oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and the causes of cancer. PREREQ: BIOL 301, BIOL 343.

BIOL 442 MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (3-0-3)(F). Cells of the nervous system, neurochemical transmission, nerve terminals, membrane structure and function, electrical signaling, neural development, process outgrowth and myelination and glia, and specific neural diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease. PREREQ: BIOL 301.

BIOL 443 ADVANCED DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (1-6-2)(F)(Offered odd-numbered years). Application of molecular and cellular methods to current topics in developmental biology. Analysis of current literature in biology with emphasis on the coordinated regulation of gene expression, cellular differentiation and migration. Laboratory studies include model systems such as chick, zebrafish, sea urchin and mouse, utilizing cell/tissue culture, histology, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, protein purification, DSD-PAGE, western blot and others. Previous enrollment in BIOL 344 and ZOOL 351 recommended.

BIOL 445-445G HUMAN GENETICS (3-0-3)(S)(Offered intermittently). Discussion of important aspects of human heredity. Topics include the reproductive system, single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, hemoglobinopathies, inborn errors of metabolism, somatic cell and molecular genetics, immunogenetics, gene screening, and human variation and evolution. PREREQ: BIOL 343 or PERM/INST.

BIOL 446 BIOINFORMATICS (2-3-3)(F). Practical training in bioinformatics methods: accessing sequence data bases, BLAST tools, analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences, detection of motifs and domains of proteins, phylogenetic analysis, gene arrays, and gene mapping. PREREQ: BIOL 343 or PERM/INST.

BIOL 461 ADVANCED TOPICS IN AQUATIC BIOLOGY (1-0-1)(F/S). An exploration of the current primary literature in aquatic biology. Topics vary, and may include community dynamics of algae, fish, zooplankton, and benthic invertebrates; trophic relationships; stream and reservoir management; primary and secondary production; organic matter and nutrient dynamics; and wetland ecology. May be repeated once for credit. PREREQ: BIOL 323 and PERM/INST.

BIOL 462 ADVANCED TOPICS IN ANIMAL BEHAVIOR (2-0-2)(F/S). Exploration of current animal behavior and behavioral ecology literature through group discussion and presentations. Topics vary and may include animal mating systems, foraging, group living, behavioral endocrinology, conservation and wildlife management related to behavior, behavioral genetics, dispersal, orientation and migration, neurobiology of behavior, and others. May be repeated once for credit. PREREQ: BIOL 433 or 533 or ZOOL 434 or 534 or PERM/INST.

BIOL 465 ADVANCED TOPICS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES (1-0-1)(F). Discussion of scientific literature with emphasis on modern molecular biology techniques. Students will lead discussions and present articles. Topics will include Southern-, western-, and northern-blot analysis; sequencing,;cloning; transfection and transduction; immunoprecipitation, and other molecular, cellular, and genetic techniques. PREREQ: BIOL 343 and PERM/INST.

BIOL 466 ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE BIOLOGY OF CANCER (1-0-1)(S). Discussion of current research in the field of cancer biology, with emphasis on prostate and mammary cancer. Students will lead discussions and present articles, as well as monitor recent literature on cancer. Topics will include tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and other cancer-related systems. May be repeated once for credit. Previous enrollment in BIOL 465 is recommended. PREREQ: BIOL 343 and PERM/INST.

BIOL 488 SENIOR OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT (0-0-0)(F,S). Required to graduate. Senior biology and biology, secondary education students will take an outcomes assessment examination lasting approximately 3 hours. (Pass/Fail). PREREQ: Senior standing.

BIOL 498, 499 BIOLOGY SEMINAR (1-0-1)(F/S). A review of pertinent literature on selected topics. Restricted to senior biology majors.

BOT 302-302G PLANT ANATOMY AND MICROTECHNIQUE (3-3-4)(S)(Offered odd-numbered years). A study of the structure and development of vascular plant tissues, regions, and organs. Emphasis will be placed on the Angiosperms. Laboratory work includes preparation of hand and paraffin sections, staining, and observation of plant tissues using various types of light microscopy. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192. 

BOT 401-401G PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (3-3-4)(F)(Offered odd-numbered years). A study of plant biophysical and biochemical processes. Includes coverage of cell, tissue, and organ function, photosynthesis, water relations, mineral nutrition, transport mechanisms, growth and development, secondary metabolites, and plant responses to the environment. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 and BIOL 301. 

BOT 305-305G SYSTEMATIC BOTANY (2-6-4)(S). Fundamental problems of taxonomy. Discussion of historical development of classification systems and comparison of recent systems. Instruction on use of keys and manuals. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

BOT 311-311G PLANT MORPHOLOGY (3-3-4)(F). A comparative study of the structure, function, reproduction, and development of major plant groups. Phylogeny, paleobotany, and economic importance of various plant groups will be considered. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

BOT 330-330G MYCOLOGY (3-3-4)(F). A study of the biology of fungi with emphasis on their classification, morphology and development, identification, ecology, and economic significance. Laboratory work will include projects and field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

BOT 401-401G PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (3-3-4)(F)(Offered odd-numbered years). A study of plant biophysical and biochemical processes. Includes coverage of cell, tissue, and organ function, photosynthesis, water relations, mineral nutrition, transport mechanisms, growth and development, secondary metabolites, and plant responses to the environment. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 and CHEM 317 or PERM/INST.

BOT 424 PLANT COMMUNITY ECOLOGY (3-3-4)(F)(Offered even-numbered years). A study of the properties, structure, method of analysis, classification, and dynamic nature of plant communities. Topics for discussion will include the strengths and weaknesses of various sampling techniques, the role of disturbance events and succession on community structure, and the role of biological interactions as factors influencing the assembly of communities. Laboratory work will emphasize vegetation sampling methods and habitat type classification for plant communities in this region as well as methods of analyzing and reporting this data. PREREQ: BIOL 323 or PERM/INST.

BOT 441 PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (3-3-4)(S)(Offered even-numbered years). A description of plant development from a molecular and cellular perspective. Topics discussed include gene expression and cell signalling pathways, and their roles in the control of embryogenesis, plant growth, flowering, and fruit maturation. Examination of techniques and model systems used in the study of plant development. PREREQ: BIOL 301.

FOREST 101 GENERAL FORESTRY (2-0-2)(S). A survey of forestry, timber management and economics, and the propagation of important trees of the United States.

ZOOL 301-301G COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY (2-6-4)(F). The evolutionary development of vertebrate anatomy, fishes through mammals. Dissection of the shark, salamander, and cat plus demonstrations of other vertebrate types. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

ZOOL 305-305G ENTOMOLOGY (2-6-4)(F). The general anatomy, physiology and developmental biology of insects, and ecological and evolutionary relationships and interactions of insects with humans. Field trips to collect and identify local species. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

ZOOL 307 INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY (2-6-4)(S)(Alternate years). Morphology, taxonomy, and natural history of the marine invertebrate animals and terrestrial arthropods exclusive of the insects. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

ZOOL 341-341G ORNITHOLOGY (2-3-3)(S)(Offered odd-numbered years). Birds as examples of biological principles: classification, identification, ecology, behavior, life histories, distribution, and adaptations of birds. Two weekend field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 and PERM/INST.

ZOOL 355 VERTEBRATE NATURAL HISTORY (2-6-4)(F). Classification, identification, evolution, ecological relationships, behavior, and life histories of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Two weekend field trips. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

ZOOL 361 MICROTECHNIQUE (1-6-3)(S)(Alternate years). Theory and practical application of procedures involving fixation, staining, preparation of paraffin sections and whole mounts, and histochemical techniques. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or PERM/INST.

ZOOL 400-400G VERTEBRATE HISTOLOGY (2-6-4)(S)(Offered even-numbered years). Microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues, and organ systems of vertebrates. Major emphasis will be on mammalian systems. PREREQ: and BIOL 301. 

ZOOL 401-401G HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY (3-3-4)(S). Functional aspects of human tissues and organ systems with emphasis on regulatory and homeostatic mechanisms. PREREQ: BIOL 301or PERM/INST.

ZOOL 403-403G HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY (1-3-2)(F). Use of human cadavers to study prosections of head and neck with emphasis on clinical relevance. Integument, osteology, myology, circulatory system, lymphatics, oral and dental tissues, neuroanatomy, cranial nerves, general innervation, and salivary glands. PREREQ: BIOL 191-192 or BIOL 227-228 or PERM/INST.

ZOOL 409 GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY (3-3-4)(S). Physiological principles common to all forms of animal life are discussed. Physiological adaptations required to live in a variety of environments are presented. PREREQ: BIOL 301 and BIOL 323.

ZOOL 421-421G MAMMALOGY (2-3-3)(S)(Offered even-numbered years). The biology of mammals: ecology, life histories, reproduction, classification, identification, distribution, and adaptations. One weekend field trip. PREREQ: BIOL 323 or an upper-division zoology course.

ZOOL 425 AQUATIC ENTOMOLOGY (3-3-4)(F)(Offered even-numbered years). The taxonomy and ecology of the insects most commonly encountered in freshwater environments. Emphasis on identification and biology of individual taxa, aquatic insect community ecology, environmental pollution assessment, and natural resource management. PREREQ: BIOL 323.

ZOOL 434 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR (3-3-4)(F)(Offered even-numbered years). Focuses on the concepts and processes of animal behavior, with particular emphasis on proximate perspectives. The history of the study of animal behavior, behavioral genetics, the nervous system and behavior, hormones and behavior, ontogeny of behavior, learning and motivation, and other aspects of behavior such as migration, orientation, and navigation will be presented. PREREQ: BIOL 323 or PERM/INST.