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The Economy of Europe in the Renaissance

Trade

General Comments

Your books talk more about this topic than about any other and they do a good job. I'm not going to add much, but instead refer you to your readings.

Jensen does little more than trace trade routes for you, so start with Hay's chapter on the Bonds of Trade. The beginning section introduces the useful distinctions between purely local commerce, regional commerce, and international trade. His comments about transportation ("Communications and Trade") are also useful.

Trade Routes

Jensen's map of trade routes shows only the sea routes, and even this is misleading. Take only the example of Venice: the map shows only two routes, going down either side of the Adriatic.

A fleet or an individual ship made many more stops than the map implies, and went to more ultimate destinations. There is a limit, of course, to what can be shown on a single map, but it would be easy to be misled here.

One thing is evident, however, from the maps: these were coastal routes. One reason is that the more stops one made the opportunities there were for doing business, but this coastal sailing is also a reflection of the state of navigation at the time. It was simply too risky to sail out of sight of land for more than a day or so.

Land Routes

The map also does not show the many overland routes. I'll try to find one or more than shows more detail.

The great north-south axis was along the Rhine River, across the Alps and down to the Italian ports. Further west, the Rhone River carried goods, though rather less efficiently. Eastern Europe has no good north-south routes until one is well into Russia.

The one good east-west route runs from Poland through northern Germany and into the Low Countries. A second route follows the Danube River, tying the Balkans to central Europe.

Economic Divisions in Europe

These axes divided Europe into a very rough quadrant: north and south had each their own distinct characteristics, as did east and west. Much of the international trade was involved in moving the specialty goods of one quadrant into one of the other three.